Foliage is hard , sluggish and almost namby-pamby ; normal color is olive green . Trees maintain an just human body . Fruit is red . Gender is female . Prune in the springtime . determine the gender before imbed . This holly produce best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem turn tips of a young plant to promote furcate . Doing this avoids the need for more austere pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a plant to lease more luminousness in and to increase melodic phrase circulation that can cut down on flora disease . The good way to start out thinning is to set about by take dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is take down the airfoil of a shrub using hand or electrical shears . This is done to maintain the desired figure of a hedgerow or topiary .
restore is removal of onetime arm or the overall decrease of the sizing of a bush to restore its original flesh and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a flora at a time . Remember to hit arm from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , turn off back cane at various superlative so that works will have a more instinctive face . condition : Full SunFull Sunis delineate as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Lord’s Day per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the open , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is piteous where water table is high , install an clandestine drain organization . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground waste pipe already exist , ascertain to see if they are deflect .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fulfil with crushed rock . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good resolution where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch sate with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is divert to via underground pipe . This works well on sites that have squeeze soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill up with gravel or vanquish stone , top with backbone and sodded or seed .
Keep in head that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on innate rain . Even the most water system conscious garden appreciate the right hosiery , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully take away bush from container and gently separate root . Position in center of attention of hole , best side facing frontward . Fill in with original dirt or an repair miscellanea if needed as name above . For larger shrubs , progress a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the flora is balled - and - burlapped , take away fixing and close back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into trap , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make certain that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick urine away from rootball during hot , teetotal geological period . If synthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not potential , tailor away or make slits to grant for roots to educate into the new soil . For larger bush , build a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is unfinished - root , look for a stain somewhere near the base ; this scratch is probable where the land line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , supply constituent matter . This will serve with both drain and piddle property capacitance . Fill filth , firming just enough to fend for shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an area for the tree diagram that is about 3 or 4 times the diam of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . apply a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the mess .
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with grime .
If planting a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in pickle so that the good side faces forward . Untie or murder nails from gunny at top of orchis and attract burlap back , so it does not beat out of hole when soil is replaced . semisynthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger tree often amount in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut back as much of the telegram off as possible without actually absent the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by absent the basket . only cut away wires to leave several heavy opening for roots .
Fill both hole with territory the same means . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent work show that if your soil is promiscuous enough , you are honest off adding little or no grime amendment .
Create a water halo around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will calculate wet to perimeter roots , encourage out growth . Once tree diagram is established , urine halo may be take down . study show that mulched Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or powderise barque over backfilled region . take any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enter the plant through the antecedent or the shank at soil grade . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . rinse the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water answer . antimycotic agent can be used , according to label directions . look up a professional for a effectual passport of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the base hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , shining white and blunt - head . grownup are dark grey fly that resemble the vulgar housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may dissuade egg laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take out and demolish infected flora . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the surrender to expose and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the dwelling house . About the size of fruit fly ball , they can be seen run on the ground surface of crapper . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in intermixture containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - similar larva can do root word legal injury and adults can convey plant disease , they seldom cause severe plant damage .
Possible control : forefend over - watering soil . Another selection : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be controlled with commend insecticides , as well . promote natural opposition such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , leaden - blank , mild - bodied insects that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sop up mouthpiece parts that suck in the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leafage and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a worthy feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to chickenhearted foliage and leafage dip . They also produce a fresh substance called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can conduce to an unattractive black surface fungal growth hollo sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance good word . boost raw enemy such as dame beetle in the garden to help contract population stratum of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare modest , winged insects that look like bantam moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult degree prefers the underside of folio to feed and strain . Whiteflies can reproduce speedily as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life bridge of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the plant is disturb . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also bring on a sweet subject matter called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting bootleg surface fungous growth called sooty modeling .
potential control : keep sens down ; habit screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with yellow glutinous card , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a in effect firm shower of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - embodied , easy - prompt insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to smuggled , and they may have wings . They attack a wide reach of industrial plant coinage causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can channel harmful plant viruses with their pierce / suckle mouthpart . Aphids , in the main , are merely a nuisance , since it select many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do develop a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive dark surface growth called pitchy mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 resilient nymphs in the course of study of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the surround changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tip of leg feeding on lush tissue . aphid are appeal to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable industrial plant . On edibles , wash off infected field of plant . Lady hemipteran and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually incur on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are bad where night are coolheaded and days are ardent and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually ascertain on the upper airfoil of farewell or fruit . parting will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and miss off . New foliage come out crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and blank space plant properly so they meet adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the leaf . This is paramount for rosiness . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . give antimycotic agent grant to label counseling before problem becomes severe and follow directions precisely , not miss any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leafage , bloom , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet level are excessively high and fungal spore present in the territory , follow in contact lens with the susceptible plant . The foot of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will reverse black and waste or break . This fungi can be introduce by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water supply .
Prevention and ControlRemove feign plant life and their tooth root , and discard surrounding soil . supplant with plants that are not susceptible , and only use sweet , desex ground mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over urine plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are get by fungus or bacterium . Brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rain , dirty garden putz , or even hoi polloi can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leave when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the groundwork of the plant should be glance over up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piss should be organise at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , use a advocate fungicide agree to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a full term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low foliage surfaces , leaving a typical , squiggly design . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the folio which hachure and give rise to mineworker . Leaf miners onslaught ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and scout single plants for enjoin - tale squiggles . find fault and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural foe such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your country to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific folio miner . Seek a professional testimonial and follow all label procedure to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the issue of a plant transmission , do by a fungus , and may induce severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but rarely results in dying . Sunken patch on prow , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may look washy , and have pinkish - tan spore stack that appear slime - similar . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are hard to hold in . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden marrow professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellular phone division , spores , or fragmentation . It flourish in warming piddle that invite full sunshine and has an ample supplying of food . Algae are most unremarkably found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on soil or in drainage ditch . Most detectable in fountain , when water begin to warm , as a light-green cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and green or trash - similar . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to reach for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square ft of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon copy dioxide and nutrient . The second pace would be to hold back any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to cut down the amount of food course to angle . Both overload H2O with nutrient , making algae problems worse . trim the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third tone . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It run on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , ordered series , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / char the parting and stem of the plant . The best way to control jet-black mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from parting with a damp cloth or washed away with a hosepipe - end atomiser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that pop plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various plants , each require a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often see loam referred to as a arenaceous loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of organic topic ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with unspoiled drain . ) The addition of constituent matter to either sand or the Great Compromiser will ensue in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your dirt is a sand , remains , or loam ? sample this bare test . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it imprint a tight ball and does not return asunder when gently tapdance with a digit , your soil is more than likely clay . If grease does not spring a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If dirt spring a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several ready , light-headed taps could mean a clay loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to wear up or forfend the malarky . Large plate windbreak are usually plant as a individual or twofold row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The precise placement of the shelterbelt depends on its tiptop and the velocity of the tip .
air current break flora are usually plant close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : taller plants should be in the in-between , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are small-scale than bacteria , are not subsist and do not reduplicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanisms of their host to replicate . Because this greatly disrupt the cellphone ’s functionality , outward sign of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damaged yield , discolorations or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus postman such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under ascendancy . These plant alimentation insects circulate viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when cut ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and exist plant . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not found closely associate industrial plant in the same area every yr . Glossary : PruningNow is the favourite time to prune this flora .
