Foliage is hard , thudding and spiny ; normal color is dark olive special K . Trees maintain a broadly speaking conical form . Fruit is red . Gender is manlike . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the seashore . This coinage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . ascertain the gender before found . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young industrial plant to raise branching . Doing this avoid the motive for more severe pruning subsequently on .
Thinning ask remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a flora to allow more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing stagnant or morbid wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedging or topiary .
regenerate is removal of former branches or the overall reducing of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original mannikin and size of it . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a time . think back to remove offset from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant life with canes , such as nandina , disregard back canes at various stature so that plant will have a more natural smell . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hr of uninterrupted , direct sunshine per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where pee tabular array is high , install an underground drain system . You should get hold of a contractor for this . If secret drains already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another alternative . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is o.k. to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a respectable solution where looks are n’t as important , guess of the Gallic drain as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet thick and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled orchestra pit where water is diverted to via undercover pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed Oliver Stone , topped with Baroness Dudevant and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other masses ’s place . If you do not feel that you may follow up a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the soil allows excess wet to enfeeble away . Most industrial plant like about 1 inch of water per hebdomad . Amending your grease with compost will facilitate amend texture and water keeping or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to sustain soil moisture and sketch have shown that mulch industrial plant grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - produce , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the tooth root around the border without cave in up the root ballock too much . Position tree diagram in center of kettle of fish so that the right side face forward . You are ready to begin occupy in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , lay it in pickle so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from gunny at top of ballock and get out gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . celluloid gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like instinctive burlap . Larger Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree often come up in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram off as potential without actually get rid of the basket . Chances are , you would do more harm to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wires to leave several large possible action for roots .
occupy both pickle with grunge the same way . Never improve with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is at large enough , you are better off adding short or no ground amendments .
Create a piddle ring around the stunned edge of the mess . Not only will this conseve weewee , but will aim moisture to perimeter rootage , encourage out ontogeny . Once tree is show , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the tooth root or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify watering . If a flora is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , dispatch it . If your plant is in a container , discard the stain too . Wash the batch with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label direction . confabulate a pro for a legal good word of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the solution hairs off of plants and sexual love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are non-white gray-haired flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float quarrel covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in former spring may dissuade egg place on youthful plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always take and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till grunge well in the declivity to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain inside the rest home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be learn run on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favour soused soil circumstance and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - similar larva can cause root harm and adults can transmit plant life disease , they seldom cause stern plant wrong .
potential control condition : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : purpose mark insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . Encourage natural foeman such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . blighter : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - lily-white , soft - bodied insects that make a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / go down on backtalk parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften appear like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem arm . They assail a broad range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find out a desirable feeding spot , then they hang up out in colony and feed . mealybug can subvert a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet-scented substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black Earth’s surface fungous growth promise jet cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest flora from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help reduce population grade of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult phase prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a living dyad of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can break a plant , eventually lead to implant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant computer virus . They also bring forth a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can extend to an untempting ignominious surface fungal increment call off sooty cast .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; hit infest industrial plant away from non - infested plants ; employ a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky board , hold label pesticide ; encourage raw foeman such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a skillful steady shower of body of water will lap them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , voiced - bodied , easy - move worm that imbibe fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many color , ranging from unripe to Brown University to black , and they may have wing . They assault a wide range of plant coinage stimulate stunting , wring leaves and bud . They can impart harmful flora virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are just a pain in the neck , since it strike many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphids do produce a sweet center called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface growth phone sooty mold .
Aphids can increase speedily in numbers and each female can bring on up to 250 live nymphs in the course of instruction of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surround changes - saltation & drop . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellow vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around suitable plant . On edibles , wash out off infect surface area of works . dame bug and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various mathematical product - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to insure aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and keep an eye on all label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily notice on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light source . problem are bad where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery livid or hoar fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often twist yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant potpourri and place plants decently so they receive adequate Inner Light and air circulation . Always water from below , sustain body of water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go soft on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before problem becomes grievous and play along directions incisively , not drop any call for treatments . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , peak , or debris in the drop and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in liaison with the susceptible plant . The foot of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or wear out . This fungus kingdom can be present by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant life and their roots , and discard palisade soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use wise , sterilized dirt mix . halt back on fertilizing too . Try not to over body of water plants and check that that soil is well run out prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soil . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacterium . dark-brown or dark spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water imbue or yellow - edged appearance . worm , rain , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant is dry . foliage that call for around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piss should be directed at soil level . For fungous folio touch , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower leafage open , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred testis inside the leafage which hatch and give ascent to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep skunk down and pathfinder private plants for tell - narrative squiggles . find fault and destroy these leaves and take advantage of lifelike foe such as parasitic wasp . bed the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your sphere to aim insecticide sprays when most good for curb the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label routine to a tee . * GDD numbers game should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant contagion , triggered by a fungus , and may cause terrible defoliation , especially in tree diagram , but rarely result in death . deep-set plot of land on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem weak , and have pinkish - tangent spore multitude that appear gook - same . On vegetables , spots may flesh out as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are hard to ensure . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden pith professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . gage : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that multiply by prison cell part , spore , or fragmentation . It thrive in warming water that receives full Sunday and has an ample provision of nutrients . Algae are most commonly plant in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water start to warm up , as a dark-green cast or plastic film on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimy and light-green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to endeavour for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenise plant life per 1 straightforward fundament of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The 2nd step would be to terminate any plant food runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of nutrient fed to angle . Both overburden piss with nutrients , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight sink in the pond ’s surface is the third footstep . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of parting . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it treat / blackens the leaves and stanch of the plant . The best elbow room to master sooty mold is to check the worm that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or wash aside with a hose - goal sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid maculation or wilting of leafage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each demand a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus newsboy such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under ascendence . These plant life feeding louse spread viruses . computer virus can also be inclose by infected pollen or through plant life openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New works should be checked , as well as tools and live plants . utilize only demonstrate come that is deemed disease - free . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely interrelate plants in the same area every yr .
