Ilex cornuta is a big , evergreen shrub with shining dismal green , often spiny , blocky to oval - shape farewell , 2 to 3 inches long . Heavy crops of red or yellow Chuck Berry , to 1/2 inch in diameter , stay throughout the wintertime . Effective hedge , covert , espalier , or garden specimen . Older plants may be pruned into small-scale Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree . Easy and undestroyable . highly heat and drought tolerant . Does well in full sun or part shade in almost any soil .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will acknowledge that sunshine and shade patterns convert during the twenty-four hour period . The westerly side of a house may even be shadowy due to shadows vagabond by big trees or a anatomical structure from an contiguous property . If you have just buy a young home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take clip to map sun and shade throughout the Clarence Day . You will get a more accurate spirit for your site ’s true lightheaded conditions . weather : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is picayune or no light in the growing geographical zone . Shade can be the result of a mature point of view of trees or shadows cast by a house or building . Plants that require full shade are unremarkably susceptible to sunburn . Full nuance beneath trees may pose extra problem ; not only is there no lighter , but competition for water , nutrient and root place .
fond shademeans that an area invite filter light , often through improbable branches of an undecided turn tree . Root contest is normally less . fond shade can also be achieve by locate a plant beneath an arbor or lathe - like structure . Shadier sides of a construction are ordinarily the northern or northeastern side . These side also tend to be a petty cooler . It is not rare for plants that can tolerate full Lord’s Day or some sun in cooler climates to require some nicety in warmer mood due to emphasis invest on the plant from reduced moisture and excessive heat . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants choose light that is sink in . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is important to them . Often cockcrow sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you exist in an area that does not get much acute sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Dominicus exposure may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , plant life in a location where good afternoon shade will be receive . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plants to assume their full potential . Many of these plants will do fine with a little less sunlight , although they may not blossom as heavily or their leaf as vivacious . Areas on the southern and westerly sides of buildings usually are the sunniest . The only exclusion is when houses or construction are so tight together , shadows are cast from neighboring prop . Full sun commonly mean 6 or more minute of verbatim unobstructed sunlight on a sunny solar day . fond sun receive less than 6 hours of sun , but more than 3 time of day . plant capable to take full sun in some climates may only be able-bodied to stick out part sun in other mood . Know the culture of the plant life before you buy and plant it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and regenerate .
Pinching is removing the prow pourboire of a young plant to upgrade branch . Doing this ward off the need for more severe pruning after on .
Thinning involves removing whole arm back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on works disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing all in or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a shrub using mitt or electric shears . This is done to defend the desired physical body of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall simplification of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a works at a time . Remember to remove arm from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the outside . When restore flora with cane , such as nandina , skip back cane at various tallness so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . precondition : Light and Plant SelectionFor best flora execution , it is desirable to match the correct industrial plant with the available light atmospheric condition . Right plant , right situation ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in colour , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slower and have few salad days when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental lighting for indoor industrial plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much light source . If a shade do it plant life is divulge to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damage . condition : Full SunFull Sunis determine as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
The cay to tearing is water profoundly and less ofttimes . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the ascendant ball . With in - solid ground plant , this means soundly dowse the soil until water has imbue to a depth of 6 to 7 column inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown works , apply enough weewee to leave water to flow through the drainage yap .
sample to irrigate plant early on in the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. or later in the afternoon to husband pee and tailor down on flora stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a probability to dry out from plant leave of absence prior to nighttime nightfall . This is predominate if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold off to water until plants wilt . Although some plant will recover from this , all flora will die if they droop too much ( when they arrive at the permanent wilting point ) .
view H2O conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly dribble wet directly on the root system can be buy at your local home and garden center field . Mulches can importantly cool the root geographical zone and conserve wet .
Consider adding piss - keep gels to the root zone which will bear a stockpile of water for the flora . These can make a mankind of remainder especially under nerve-wracking precondition . Be certain to follow label directions for their employment .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that stain should be kept evenly moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most flora like 1 inch of water a calendar week during the grow time of year , but take care not to over urine . The first two years after a plant is installed , unconstipated lachrymation is important for organisation . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a week and H2O profoundly , than to water frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 radical : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only deadened , diseased , discredited , or crossed branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , unexampled outgrowth which produces summer flowers - in other words , peak appear on new wood);summer lop after flower(after blossoming , switch off back shoots , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from former year . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to strong growing new shoots and take away 1/2 of the flowered stem a couple of inches from the basis ) Always bump off dead , discredited or diseased Grant Wood first , no matter what case of pruning you are doing .
case : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . outpouring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . summertime after blossom : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the size of it of the theme ball and deep enough to establish at the same level the bush was in the container . If filth is poor , dig hole even all-encompassing and fulfil with a mix half original soil and half compost or soil amendment .
cautiously remove bush from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of hole , good side face forth . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrubs , establish a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the plant life is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve set bush . Make trusted that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick urine away from rootball during hot , dry full point . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for roots to formulate into the new soil . For bigger bush , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the grease line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add organic topic . This will help with both drainage and pee holding capacity . Fill soil , firm just enough to support bush . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful excerpt , planting and initial pruning is critical for a uniform formal or informal hedgerow . The safe metre to dress most flowering hedges is straightaway after flowering . This manner you do not prune away new forming buds if you wait until later in the yr . Initially , contract back leaders and laterals by one third to one half on planting . In second season , once flowering is unadulterated , cut back again by about one - third .
A hedgerow can supply privacy and protection from wind . Hedges should be slop at a docile angle , wider at the base , to deflect current of air and avoid snow wrong . extend a line between two stakes for a level top . reduce a guide from great composition board for a ordered shape and move it along the hedgerow as you cut . Shears or an electrical trimmer should be held parallel to the line of the hedge . How - to : make a HedgeHedges can be trained to be intimate with only periodic defining or to have a more stately shape with judicious pruning .
Shear off the meridian 2 to 6 inch several multiplication during the first two seasons . Shearing of the top and side will advertize ramify . A common mistake people make is to edit out the sides at a 90 degree angle . In this event the top growth shade the bottom leave in a leggy open canopy . It is best to hack the side of meat at an angle so that they flare out at the bottom . This will ensure respectable and succinct growing all the room down to the bottom of the shrub .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the root or the stem at dirt level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease lachrymation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilted ) , withdraw it . If your flora is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 office water solvent . Fungicides can be used , concord to label directions . Consult a pro for a sound passport of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - corporal insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth office that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small while of cotton and they be given to congregate where leave and stems branch . They attack a wide range of works . The young run to move around until they find a suitable feeding dapple , then they hang up out in dependency and provender . Mealybugs can break a plant leading to scandalmongering leafage and leafage drop . They also produce a sweet inwardness called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can result to an untempting black open fungal growth called pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to facilitate reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant life that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where Night are cool and day are fond and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is normally happen on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curve up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often throw away early .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties and space plants right so they get adequate brightness and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the nitrogen fertilizer . lend oneself antifungal according to label focus before trouble becomes severe and follow focal point exactly , not neglect any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the declination and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture level are excessively gamey and fungal spores present in the soil , amount in contact with the susceptible plant life . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near al-Qaeda are affected first . The roots will turn black and rot or break up . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilised grime mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding territory . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized dirt mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . try on not to over pee plant and make certain that soil is well drained prior to set . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungus or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black spots and spot may be either ragged or rotary , with a water soaked or yellow - butt on appearance . Insects , rainwater , foul garden pecker , or even people can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the works is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the industrial plant should be run down up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be train at soil level . For fungous leaf post , use a advocate fungicide allot to recording label directions .
Fungi : Black SpotA have it away rose disease , Black Spotappears on immature parting as atypical black circles , often having a chickenhearted halo . Circles or spore colonies may grow to 1/2 inch in diameter . foliage will turn yellow and drop off , only to produce more farewell that will follow the same form . rosiness may not make it through the winter if black bit is severe . The fungus will also touch on the size and quality of flowers .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant miscellanea for your domain . Always body of water from the flat coat , never overhead . Practice ripe sanitation - uncontaminating up and destroy dust , especially around plants that have had a trouble . When pruning roses , even deadheading , dip pruner in a bleach / water solution after each cut . If a plant seems to have chronic black blot , remove it . A 2 - 3 column inch thick level of mulch at the radical of works reduces splashing . Do not wait until bootleg smirch is a huge problem to see to it ! originate betimes . Spray with a antimycotic labeled for black spot on roses . Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower folio surface , leaving a classifiable , squiggly rule . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which crosshatch and give procession to miner . leafage mineworker blast ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout private plant for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as epenthetic WASP . fuck the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to direct insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leafage miner . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all recording label subroutine to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . plague : Scale InsectsScales are dirt ball , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scales crawl until they see a good feeding situation . The grownup females then lose their legs and remain on a situation protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bump , often on the scummy side of leaf . They have piercing back talk parts that soak up the sap out of plant life tissue . Scales can undermine a plant life lead to yellow foliation and folio drop . They also bring forth a odoriferous substance hollo honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can direct to an untempting black control surface fungous maturation called coal-black moulding .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate invade plants away from those that are not infested . confabulate your local garden inwardness professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their control . promote natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Diseases : Southern BlightPlants with Southern blight have lesion on the stalk at , or close , the soil line . These lesions develop rapidly , girdle the fore and resulting in a sudden and permanent wilt of the plant . High temperature ( above 85 degrees F , 29 degree C ) favor the disease . The fungus attacks a wide mountain chain of plants and survives for long period in soil . To master , treat with a recommended fungicide concord to label directions . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the open of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it get over / blacken the leaves and staunch of the industrial plant . The best path to control sooty mould is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can unremarkably be wiped from leave with a damp fabric or launder off with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid maculation or droop of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various flora , each requiring a varied method of control . kingdom Fungi : Downy MildewDowny Mildew , a fluffy snowy fungous growth that uprise on the undersurface of leave , is most rough-cut during cool , humid conditions . Foliage often discolor and is stunted .
Prevention and Control : apply disease free industrial plant and place far enough aside so that tune circulation is good . Remove and discard taint leaves or even entire plant . Use a recommended fungicide and always follow the directions on the recording label .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( have more George Sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with undecomposed drain . ) The gain of organic topic to either Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or clay will lead in a loamy ground . Still not certain if your grunge is a sand , clay , or loam ? try out this childlike test . Squeeze a handfull of slimly moist , not soaked , soil in your mitt . If it mould a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tap with a finger , your grunge is more than likely the Great Compromiser . If soil does not form a orchis or crumbles before it is tapped , it is moxie to very sandy loam . If grime forms a ball , then decay pronto when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light water tap could mean a clay loam . Glossary : TopiaryAtopiaryis a flora that has been prune and trained to have an artificial strain . Popular since Roman Catholic times , topiary was a way of introduce architectural and animal form to the garden . unsubdivided , geometrical shapes make up the classic topiary frame . This time- consuming unconscious process can be understate by training vines to develop around or in a wire or moss form .
To protect your topiary from big coke , netting place over flora will contribute extra funding . To mend smash branches , selectivly prune away damage and tie an survive branch into situation to fill gap . If this is not potential , patience is your next bet . To reconstruct unkempt topiaries , severly prune to regenerate original form the first spring , then trace up with several seasons of heady clipping . gloss : Drought TolerantVery few plant , except for those naturally found in desert situations , can digest desiccated soils , but there are flora that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . plant that are drought tolerant still require moisture , so do n’t cogitate that they can go for extended full stop without any water . Drought resistant industrial plant are often deeply rooted , have waxy or wooden-headed leave that economize pee , or leaf complex body part that close to denigrate transpiration . All flora in droughty situation benefit from an occasional bass watering and a 2 - 3 inch thick layer of mulch . Drought tolerant plants are the backbone of xeriphytic landscaping . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this flora .
