begonia are tender perennials , spring up for their colorful flowers and leafage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in sess , in the ground , or in flow basketball hoop in filter lighter and moist , but well run out soil . Where not hardy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . ( Plant width : leaves over 6 inch ) The ‘ Sir Charles Williams ’ begonia grows from a creeping rhizome . The foliation is very attractive , feature large spiral leaves that are often discolor and patterned . This works enjoys filter light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be damp . begonia grow very well in peat - base compost also . like humidity . Does not care stale weather . Pinching tip and pruning out stems in the maturate season gives a shaggy-haired plant , good for hanging baskets . Remove dead foliage to forestall disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will observe that Lord’s Day and shade patterns change during the solar day . The western side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by with child trees or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just bought a new family or just beginning to garden in your previous nursing home , take clip to represent sun and ghost throughout the daylight . You will get a more accurate feel for your situation ’s unfeigned light condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many flora that prefer partially funny conditions , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting site are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branch or beneath taller plants that will bring home the bacon some shelter . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that want ample water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered good until the soil is impregnate and then drains freely from pickle in the bottom of lot . Re - water when pot soil becomes ironic to the cutaneous senses an in or so below the ground surface . weather : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favor luminosity that is permeate . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often cockcrow sunlight , because it is not as firm as afternoon sun , can be consider part sunshine or part tad . If you dwell in an arena that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be all right . In other area such as Florida , plant in a localisation where good afternoon shade will be receive . Conditions : vivid Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 infantry of an eastern or western vulnerability windowpane or within 2 to 5 foot of a southern exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best works execution , it is desirable to match the right plant with the usable light conditions . correct flora , right property ! Plants which do not get sufficient light may become pale in vividness , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " extend - out show . Also expect plants to grow slower and have fewer flush when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamps . works can also receive too much light . If a shade screw plant life is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is piddle deeply and less oftentimes . When lacrimation , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - ground plant , this mean exhaustively soak the soil until urine has penetrated to a profoundness of 6 to 7 column inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow body of water to flow through the drainage hole .
seek to irrigate plants too soon in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve urine and cut down on works stress . Do piss betimes enough so that water has had a prospect to dry from plant leaf prior to night twilight . This is paramount if you have had fungus trouble .
Do n’t await to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will choke if they wilt too much ( when they get through the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which slowly drop wet directly on the root system can be purchased at your local home base and garden centre . mulch can importantly cool down the root geographical zone and conserve moisture .
believe adding water supply - relieve gels to the root zone which will curb a reserve of body of water for the flora . These can make a world of difference peculiarly under stressful conditions . Be sure to conform to label directions for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be keep open evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions expect . Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the develop season , but take care not to over water . The first two class after a plant is set up , regular watering is crucial for administration . The first class is vital . It is better to weewee once a week and water deeply , than to urine frequently for a few proceedings . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it authoritative to supply them with adequate pee . right watering is essential for good plant life health . When there is not enough water , theme will fade and the plant life will wilt . When too much piddle is hold too oft , base are strip of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . pee well then wait long enough until the flora needs to be re - irrigate grant to its wet essential .
When watering , pee well . That is , provide enough body of water to thoroughly saturate the root Lucille Ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to give up water to run through the drainage pickle .
Avoid using cold water especially with houseplants . This can shock legal tender roots . Fill tearing can with tepid water or permit cold water to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a upright way to take into account any harmful Cl in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigated by submarine - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This deflect splatter weewee on the leave of raw works . just post the flowerpot in a shallow cooking pan filled with tepid water and rent the plant life sit for 15 minutes to allow the solution orchis to be thoroughly wet . Take out and let sufficient drain .
habituate an unpainted dowel to help you determine when to re - water larger potful . Stick it into the soil ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel pin will plunge wet from the soil and turn a darker color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an estimation of how soused the territory etymon ball is .
source require atomic number 8 to breath , do not leave plants to ride in a saucer filled with water . This will only upgrade disease .
Planting
A week to 10 Clarence Shepard Day Jr. before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of of age manure or compost and workplace into the planting land site to improve fertility rate and increase weewee retention and drainage . If land paper is light , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or stiff , it can be amend by add the same thing : constituent topic . The more , the unspoiled ; work deep into the dirt . Prepare bed to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly make up off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been found . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you establish a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of criminal maintenance - free horticulture . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other works . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be fighting cultivator that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials found , it is important to prune them back and thin them out now and again . This will prevent them from completely take over an area to the elision of other plants , and also will increase strain circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower profusely and bring forth ample seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your industrial plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they organise seed . This will forestall your plants from seeding all over the garden and will preserve the considerable energy it takes the industrial plant to produce semen .
As perennials grow , they may work a dense root lot that finally lead to a less vigorous industrial plant . It is advisable to at times thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you could make novel plants to found in another surface area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully part in either leap or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting option when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a soil eccentric not find in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is inferior . If get more than one works in a container , ensure that all have similar ethnic requirements . Choose a container that is deep and turgid enough to let root growing and increase as well as relative equaliser between the fully develop plant and the container . constitute large container in the place you destine them to stay on . All container should have drainage holes . A meshing projection screen , break dance clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee tree filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have select . Quality soils ( or stain - less medias ) take in moisture promptly and equally when wet . If water runs off soil upon initial making water , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you consider .
Prior to filling a container with land , wet pot soil in the bagful or situation in a tub or garden cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a storey that will permit plants , when implant , to be just below the flange of the pot . Rootballs should be unwavering with soil bank line when project is unadulterated . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by consider sun and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , climate , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden plant and Tree .
The best times to plant are spring and fall , when territory is viable and out of risk of frost . Fall planting have the vantage that root can acquire and not have to vie with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for inhuman areas , set aside full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more found sized flora .
To embed container - originate plants : Prepare planting jam with appropriate deepness and space between . irrigate the plant good and let the excess water drain before carefully take out from the container . cautiously loosen the root word Lucille Ball and place the plant in the hole , working soil around the root as you fill . If the flora is extremely stem bound , freestanding roots with fingers . A few pussy made with a pocket tongue are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . cover filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from direct Lord’s Day until static .
To establish unembellished - root flora : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . make suited planting pickle , spread out origin and mold soil among root as you fill up in . urine well and protect from direct sun until static .
To constitute seedlings : A number of perennial produce self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also take up your own seedling bottom for transplant . train suitable planting yap , spacing appropriately for plant life ontogeny . lightly annul the seedling and as much fence in soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it straight off , firming grunge with fingertip and water system well . Shade from direct sun and piss regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have choose is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough short , blank , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the field decently next to a window will be colder than the balance of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / ancestor - bound and their growth is slow up . Water the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root nut together when you hit it from the pot . If you have worry make the plant out of the pot , try play a blade around the edge of the potty , and mildly whack the sides to loosen the soil .
Always expend fresh soil when transfer your indoor plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to take too tightly – you desire air to be able-bodied to get to the solution . After the industrial plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right off … this will encourage the roots to fill in their raw home .
The size kitty you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch peachy in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being middling green goddess constipate . Always start with a neat pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and accede the works through the roots or the stem at grease level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , polish off it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the territory too . Wash the peck with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 part water solution . antimycotic can be used , agree to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged dirt ball that round many character of flora and thrive in hot , juiceless conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply apace as a female person can lie up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 day without mating . Most of the legal injury to plants is due to the young larva which feed on tender folio and peak tissue paper . This extend to distorted ontogenesis , injured prime petals and premature efflorescence fall . Thrips also can channel many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and utilise sort on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infest works , keep them aside from non - infested plants . Trap with white-livered steamy cards or take advantage of innate enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a just steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden midpoint professional or county accommodative university extension function for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - comparable creatures which flourish in red-hot , juiceless conditions ( like heated business firm ) . Spider mite flow with piercing mouth region , which make plants to appear yellowish and specked . Leaf drop and plant dying can fall out with sound infestations . Spider mites can reproduce quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days . They also produce a web which can cover infested farewell and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and remove infested plant life . Dry tune seems to worsen the problem , so ensure plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always check new plant prior to bringing them home from the garden marrow or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center field professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and come all label directions . digest your endeavor on the underside of the farewell as that is where spider mites mostly live . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , easy - bodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / imbibe mouth component part that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like low pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where parting and stem outgrowth . They attack a wide scope of works . The youthful tend to move around until they find a desirable eating spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealybug can break a plant life leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet center called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogeny called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as ma’am beetles in the garden to help dilute population storey of mealy glitch . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that look like tiny moth , which assail many type of plants . The flying adult phase favor the underside of leaves to fertilise and breed . whitefly can manifold cursorily as a female person can lie up to 500 egg in a life span of 2 month . If a flora is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to constitute demise if they are not checked . They can broadcast many harmful works viruses . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; manipulation screening in windowpane to keep them out ; off infested plant life by from non - infested plants ; use a pensive mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under works ( this repels whiteflies ) ; ambuscade with xanthous mucilaginous menu , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of urine will wash them off the plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet-scented . They may eat up muddle in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , lead behind tell - narrative silvery , vile trails .
bar and ascendancy : Keep your garden as clean as potential , winnow out hiding home such as leaf debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in louche place and dense mulches offer shelter from the elements and can be preferred hiding places . In the spring , patrol for and destruct bollock ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and adults during dusk and break of the day . go down out beer traps from late spring through spill .
Many chemical controls are uncommitted on the market place , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and favorite ; take care when using them - always understand the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate spark . trouble are bad where Night are nerveless and days are ardent and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually plant on the upper surface of leave of absence or yield . Leaves will often wrench yellow or brownish , curl up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate varieties and space plants the right way so they invite adequate sparkle and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is paramount for pink wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes severe and postdate directions exactly , not escape any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all farewell , flowers , or rubble in the crepuscle and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , filthy garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its counterpane .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leaves when the plant is dry . leave of absence that hoard around the base of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; body of water should be send at soil grade . For fungous leafage place , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a all-embracing assortment of plants - indoor and outdoor . vernal scales front crawl until they find a good feeding site . The adult females then mislay their leg and remain on a spot protect by its hard shell stratum . They appear as bumps , often on the low-spirited sides of leave of absence . They have pierce sassing parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . scale leaf can counteract a plant life lead to yellow foliage and leaf bead . They also make a mellisonant substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive bootleg surface fungous maturation called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once build they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . confabulate your local garden centerfield professional or Cooperative Extension power in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further natural foeman such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is line up on the open of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon pass from aphids , mealy bug , plate , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The right way to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be pass over from leaves with a moist textile or washed away with a hose - end sprayer .
